![]() Much of what’s known about the health impacts of radiation comes from studies of acute exposure - for example, the atomic blasts that levelled Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan or the nuclear disaster at Chernobyl in Ukraine. Kazakh health authorities estimate that up to 1.5 million people were exposed to fallout in the process. Between 19, the Soviets pounded an 18,500-square-kilometre patch of land known as the Polygon with more than 110 above-ground nuclear tests. ![]() The Semipalatinsk Test Site, about 150 kilometres west of Semey, was the anvil on which the Soviet Union forged its nuclear arsenal. Folded into the city’s history - into the very DNA of its people - is the legacy of the cold war. Other traces of the past are harder to see. All around the city, boxy Soviet-era cars and buses lurch past tall brick apartment buildings and cracked walkways, relics of a previous regime. ![]() The statues of Lenin are weathered and some are tagged with graffiti, but they still stand tall in the parks of Semey, a small industrial city tucked in the northeast steppe of Kazakhstan.
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